Wilkinson, K. M., Zimmerman, T. O., & Light, J. (2021). Visual attention to cued targets in simulated aided augmentative and alternative communication displays for individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 64(5), 1726-1738. https://doi.org/10.1044/2021_JSLHR-20-00451
Purpose
Many aided augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) systems require the use of an external display that is represented via a visual modality. It is critical to evaluate and understand visual–perceptual processing in individuals with disabilities who could benefit from AAC. One way to evaluate how individuals process visual materials is through research-based automated eye-tracking technologies that obtain a fine-grained stream of data concerning gaze paths of visual attention.
Method
The current study examined how individuals with autism spectrum disorder (n = 13), Down syndrome (n = 13), intellectual and developmental disabilities (n = 9), or typical development (n = 20) responded to a spoken prompt to find a thumbnail-sized navigation key within a complex AAC display, including a main visual scene display (VSD) and a navigation bar of four thumbnail-sized VSDs. Stimuli were presented on a monitor containing automated eye-tracking research technology that recorded patterns of visual attention.
Results
Participants across groups spent more time fixating on a target thumbnail VSD navigation image after the presentation of the spoken cue to look at the target, compared to before the presentation of the spoken cue; they also spent more time looking at the target thumbnail VSD than the other thumbnail-sized VSDs in the navigation bar after the cue.
Discussion
Participants were able to locate the target thumbnail VSDs, even within the context of a visually complex AAC display. Implications for the design of AAC displays and for assessment of comprehension are discussed.
Even with the increased visual complexity introduced by the inclusion of a navigation bar with four miniature VSDs, participants attended to the cued miniature VSD within the navigation bar following presentation of the spoken cue. Therefore, an omnipresent navigation bar may offer benefits.
Wilkinson et al. (2021)
